A Treaty with Teeth

On 6 October 2025, Australia and Papua New Guinea signed the long-anticipated Pukpuk Treaty , a landmark defence agreement that formalises the deep security partnership between the two neighbours. While much of the public commentary has focused on the strategic implications of the treaty — from regional security and sovereignty debates to Australia’s role in the Pacific vis-à-vis China — the conversation has so far overlooked an equally important dimension: the non-militaristic benefits this treaty could deliver for both countries and the region. The Pukpuk Treaty is, at its core, a mutual security agreement , but its scope goes well beyond traditional military alliances. In the Preamble of the Treaty (p2), there is a string of underlying clauses that emphasise the greater importance of the Treaty for both parties. Essentially, it is: COMMITTED to the mutual defence of both Parties in order to support each other in times of crisis or conflict. Kora* looks beyond the headlines an...